Isolation of llama antibody fragments for prevention of dandruff by phage display in shampoo

Article Abstract:

The selection of Ilama single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) specific for the Malassezia furfur cell surface protein (Malf1) via phage display with the high concentrations of nonionic and anionic surfactants present in shampoos, such as Andrelon and Organics is described. The combination of the unique properties of VHHs together with applied phage display and protein engineering is a powerful method for obtaining highly stable VHHs that can be used in a wide range of applications.

Surface active agents, Surface Active Agent Manufacturing, Composition, Protein research, Shampoos

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Mixed infections, cryptic diversity, and vector-borne pathogens: evidence from Polygenis fleas and Bartonella species

Article Abstract:

The frequency of mixed Bartonella infections in populations of flea parasitizing the eastern wood rat and the hispid cotton rat were examined. Results concluded the rate of mixed Bartonella infections to be high.

Environmental aspects, Fleas, Verruga peruana, Bartonellosis

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