Mesoderm induction and axis determination in Xenopus laevis

Article Abstract:

Inductive cell interactions of peptide growth factors determine mesoderm formation and establish the dorsoventral axis in Xenopus laevis embryos. Animal explant assays show that fibroblast growth factors predominantly act as ventrolateral inducers while the transforming growth factor-beta homolog activin induce dorsal-to-ventral mesoderm patterning. In addition, RNA injection assay indicate that members of the Wnt protein family possess dorsalizing effects. Inducers activate regulatory genes in the Spemann organizer in Xenopus gastrulae one of which is the homeobox genes goosecoid.

Genetic regulation, Mesoderm

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RNA-binding proteins: masking proteins revealed

Article Abstract:

Oocyte-abundant proteins do not only function as RNA-binding and -protecting molecules but also as transcription factors. In particular, p56 and p60 have been discovered to belong to the Y-box family, transcription proteins with a CCAAT box. mRNA-masking proteins interact with DNA and RNA molecules in separate binding domains. RNA molecules are bound by hydrogen-binding side chains and its regulation is accomplished by methylation and phosphorylation. Protein-masking leads to stabilization of ribonuleoproteins in oocytes, RNA transport and mRNA localization.

Nucleoproteins, Carrier proteins, Transport proteins

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The potential for the formation of the arginine biosynthetic enzymes and its masking during evolution

Article Abstract:

The article presents a detailed analysis of the history of the arginine biosynthetic enzyme. The results reveal that the added, as well as the internally produced arginine highly represses the enzyme formation, as the potential required for this enzyme synthesis is found to be in excess of what is required.

Science & research, Analysis, Enzymes, X-ray crystallography, Arginine, Enzyme synthesis, DNA-ligand interactions, DNA binding, Properties

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