Mitotic recombination and genetic changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation

Article Abstract:

Genetic changes and mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in wine fermentation are discussed. The stability of the URA3 locus of a URA3/ura3 wine yeast in consecutive grape must fermentations was studied, and ura3/ura3 homozygotes were seen at a certain rate. Mitotic rearrangements for chromosome VIII and XII appeared after 30 mitotic divisions. The karyotype was used as a meiotic marker. It was found that sporulation was not involved in the process. It has been hypothesized that the genome changes in wine yeasts during vinification involve mitotic recombination between homologous sequences and that meiosis is not necessarily implied.

Spain, Genetic aspects, Yeast, Yeast (Food product), Mitosis, Meiosis

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Molecular monitoring of wine fermentations conducted by active dry yeast strains

Article Abstract:

An investigation was conducted to determine the yeast population dynamics during wine fermentation conducted by active dry yeast strains using mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis. The results showed that the inoculated yeast strains are the primary factors responsible for the fermentation process, and gain dominance over the indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae flora at the later stages of fermentation. However, during the initial stages, the inoculated yeast does not suppress the development of the natural strains. Therefore, the natural strains could contribute in the development of wine flavor during the initial stages of fermentation.

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Genetic diversity and geographical distribution of wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from the wine-producing area of Charentes, France

Article Abstract:

A wide variety of strains of the wine- fementing bacterium Saccharomyces cerevisiae may be found in wine cellars in the Charentes area of France and particular strains do not appear to be associated with particular areas. Researchers identified strains from 42 cellars using electrophoretic karyotyping, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and the polymerase chain reaction. Of the 35 strains that were identified, two, ACI and AaIII were found throughout the region.

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