The molecular metamorphosis of experimental embryology

Article Abstract:

Examples from a few of the areas in which experimental embryology has recently advanced are reviewed to consider revitalization of the field and illustrate its accelerating progress and to look at some challenges and opportunities for the future. Morphogenesis may be the next frontier. Topics include fate maps, diversification, ascidians, Caenorhabditis elegans, primary axis formation, the cis regulatory domain, signaling centers and embryonic fields, and analytical tools.

History, Molecular biology, Ligands (Biochemistry), Amphibians, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mosaicism, Symmetry (Biology), Ascidiacea, Sea squirts

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Direct and long-range action of a DPP morphogen gradient

Article Abstract:

This study indicates that wing formation in the fruit fly is controlled by the decapentalegic (DPP) gene. DPP cells secretes a protein that is capable of affecting the activity of hundreds of cells during wing morphogenesis. The long range effect of DPP is attributed to the receptors in each cell that respond and transmit DPP signals. The range of DPP proteins are dependent on the signaling intensity of DPP cells. The activity of the spalt and optomotor-blind genes are also found to be dependent on the level of DPP concentration.

Drosophila

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Molecular interactions continuously define the organizer during the cell movements of gastrulation

Article Abstract:

Molecular interactions, which continuously define the organizer for cell movements of gastrulation, are discussed. The organizer is a region in the gastrulating embryo that patterns the body axis and induces it, arising before gastrulation, influenced by the Nieuwkoop center. It has been shown that in gastrulation, cell movements bring cells into and out of the chick organizer, Hensen's node. Gastrulation is dynamic and during movements cells acquire and lose gene expression and functional attributes based on embryo position.

Embryology, Animal embryology, Birds, Gastrulation, Polarity (Biology)

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