Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation

Article Abstract:

The use of whole-cell oligonucleotide probing and direct retrieval of rRNA sequences helps identify cells microscopically and specific rRNA sequences of uncultured bacteria and in natural samples. Repeated application of the sets of probes that are distinct for various taxonomic levels from the general to specific level helps analyze complex marine and soil communities such as multispecies biofilms and activated-sludge flocs. Cell morphology, in situ distributions of defined phylogenetic groups and specific cell counts can be analyzed through rRNA-targeted whole-cell hybridization, the strength of which indicates the cellular rRNA content of individual cells.

Genetic aspects, Bacteria, Identification and classification, Microbiology, Taxonomy (Biology)

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Microbial reductive dehalogenation

Article Abstract:

Reductive dehalogenation is one form of biodegradation of aromatic compounds by syntrophic anaerobic bacterias and certain anaerobes. Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation of aliphatic compounds are largely exhibited by these bacterias while only few anaerobes display reductive dehalogenation of aromatic compounds. Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 is an anaerobe that is usually used as a model in studying dehalogenating microorganisms because of its distinct properties and ability to use reductive dehalogenation for energy metabolism. Reductive dehalogenation is commonly used by aerobes for the degradation of compounds that are not susceptible to oxidation.

Physiological aspects, Anaerobic bacteria, Halogens, Halogen elements

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Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons

Article Abstract:

Th accumulation of cyclic hydrocarbons such as terpenes, aromatics and cycloalkanes in the membrane lipid bilayer in different microorganisms produces toxic effects important to their microbial degradation. The membrane alters its functional properties and increases its permeability to protons and ions, thereby resulting to a pH imbalance. The increase in hydrocarbons in the membrane also affects proteins embedded in the membrane, resulting in the modification of the outer lipid polysaccharide and cell wall composition.

Hydrocarbons, Lipid membranes, Bioavailability

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