Roles for FGF8 in the induction, initiation, and maintenance of chick limb development

Article Abstract:

The embryonic chick produces a fibroblast growth factor protein, FGF8, that initiates limb formation in the developing organism. The growth factor is expressed in the embryonic ectoderm which is the site of the future limb. FGF8 serves as a signal for the activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene in the mesoderm directly under this ectodermal region. The Ssh gene induces the formation of a limb, and the continued presence of FGF8 is necessary during the development of the limb from a bud into a fully articulated wing. FGF8 has also been associated with kidney development from undifferentiated mesoderm in the chick embryo.

Growth, Developmental genetics, Embryology, Animal embryology

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Fibroblast growth factors induce additional limb development from the flank of chick embryos

Article Abstract:

A study of the involvement of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in the stimulation of additional limb growth from chick embryo flank reveals that additional limbs are grown in the whole flank when induced by FGFs. While wing formation occurs anteriorly, legs are formed posteriorly. FGF application leads to the formation of a separate polarizing region through the stimulation of sonic hedgehog in cells that have a polarizing potential. Hoxd-13 expression in the ectopic bud leads to apical ectoderm ridge formation, resulting in the generation of a limb bud that can produce the correct signals for complete limb formation.

Physiological aspects

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Tumor cell intravasation Alu-cidated: the chick embryo opens the window

Article Abstract:

The chorioallantoic membrane of the developing chick embryo can be used as an effective model in the investigation of the mechanisms involved in tumor metastasis particularly tumor intravasation within capillaries. Implanted human tumor cells were shown to metastasize to distant sites connected via blood vessels or lymphatics to the primary site of implantation. The metastatic tumor cells are identified via the Alu genetic marker which is specific to the DNA of higher primates.

Metastasis, Cancer invasiveness, Cancer metastasis

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