Seasonal effects on accumulation of microbial indicator organisms by Mercenaria mercenaria

Article Abstract:

The effects of seasonal variation and water temperature on the accumulation of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and male specific bacteriophages in Mercenaria mercenaria were examined. The results showed that both season and temperature strongly influence the ability of shellfish to concentrate biological contaminants. Furthermore, accumulation patterns of male-specific bacteriophages are different from the E. coli or C. perfringens. The results suggest that the screening of fecal coliform indicators in surface waters for the assessment of shellfish quality is not sufficient for public health protection.

Health aspects, Water quality, Microbial contamination, Sanitary microbiology, Quahogs, Clam fisheries

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Survival and replication of male-specific bacteriophages in molluscan shellfish

Article Abstract:

The potential use of male-specific bacteriophages as indicator organisms was examined by studying their survival and replication in the hard-shelled clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Experiments using Escherichia coli as bacterial host showed that bacteriophages cannot replicate in M. mercenaria over a wide range of temperatures. Replication was noted only in shellfish homogenates exposed to optimum temperature in the presence of a bacterial host. The inability of male-specific bacteriophages to replicate in hard-shelled clams make their use as indicator organisms unlikely.

Analysis, Mollusks

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Occurrence of male-specific bacteriophage in feral and domestic animal wastes, human feces, and human-associated wastewaters

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to examine the use of male-specific bacteriophage as an indicator of enteric viral contamination by analyzing the influence of the bacteriophages on human and animal wastes. Direct-plating procedures and enrichment were carried out to determine variability in the occurrence of male-specific bacteriophage among animal species. Results indicated that male-specific bacteriophage can be utilized as an efficient indicator for evaluating the presence of human enteric viruses in estuarine and marine environments.

Animal waste, Animal wastes

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