Shisa promotes head formation through the inhibition of receptor protein maturation for the caudalizing factors, Wnt and FGF

Article Abstract:

A novel antagonist against Wnt and FGF signaling for head formation, Shisa, which functions cell autonomously in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was identified. Shisa is specifically expressed in the prospective head ectoderm and the Spemann organizer of Xenopus gastrulae and it is indicated that Shisa controls head formation by regulating the establishment of the receptors for caudalizing factors.

Endoplasmic reticulum, Protein research

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The key to left-right asymmetry

Article Abstract:

Establishment of left-right asymmetry in vertebrates, which involves cilia as essential components in the breaking of symmetry, an asymmetric signaling cascade, and a midline barrier that helps to maintain asymmetry, is discussed. The data suggest that the reaction-diffusion mechanism produced by the coupled regulation of Nodal activation and Lefty feedback inhibitor is evolutionarily conserved.

Cilia and ciliary motion, Cilia

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Evidence for an expansion-based temporal Shh gradient in specifying vertebrate digit identities

Article Abstract:

Studies done to determine the ultimate fate of the Shh-producing cells by using recombinase base mapping in the mouse is reported. Studies indicate that, while specification of the anterior digits depends upon differential concentrations of Shh, the length of time of exposure to Shh is critical in the specification of the differences between the most posterior digits.

Chromosome mapping, Posterior cruciate ligament

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