Mechanisms of left-right determination in vertebrates

Article Abstract:

Mechanisms of left-right determination in vertebrates are discussed in this review article. Recent discoveries are discussed relative to four stages. The first, and perhaps most challenging, area is the initial breaking of symmetry leading to establishment of specific patterns of gene expression in/around the embryonic organizer. The second is relaying of L/R positional information from the organizer to the lateral plate mesoderm. Third is stabilization of broad domains of side-specific gene expression. Fourth comes transfer of L/R information to the organ primordia and elaboration of specific programs of asymmetric morphogenesis.

Human genetics, Vertebrates, Genetic disorders, Mesoderm

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An auxin-dependent distal organizer of pattern and polarity in the Arabidopsis root

Article Abstract:

An auxin-dependent distal pattern and polarity organizer in the Arabidopsis root is discussed and its developmental significance is investigated. Root formation in plants takes ongoing interpretation of positional cues. It appears that an auxin maximum at a vascular boundary sets up a distal organizer in the Arabidopsis root.

United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Plant genetics, Roots (Botany), Genetic transcription, Transcription (Genetics), Arabidopsis, Auxin

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Shroom, a PDZ domain-containing actin-binding protein, is required for neural tube morphogenesis in mice

Article Abstract:

A PDZ domain-containing actin-binding protein, shroom (shrm) is necessary for neural tube mouse morphogenesis. A mutation that causes mouse exencephaly, acrania, spina bifida, and facial clefting has been found through use of gene trap mutagenesis. It appears that Shrm is a critical determination of the cellular architecture necessary for proper neurulation.

Usage, Mice, Mice (Rodents), Carrier proteins, Transport proteins, Mice, mutant strains, Mutant mice, Embryology, Experimental, Embryological research, Actin, Cell adhesion, Neural tube, Extracellular matrix

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