Leader-member exchange model of leadership: a critique and further development
Article Abstract:
A brief overview of 21 studies utilizing the leader-member exchange model of leadership demonstrates that the model, being multidimensional, should be measured as such. This leads to the conclusion that leader-member exchanges have three dimensions: the participants' understanding of their contributions in this exchange, the loyalty of the participants for each other and their group goals, and the affection of the participants for each other. Other dimensions need to be added to the leader-member exchange model of leadership if it is to be applied accurately to actual situations. In discussing the development of leadership within organizations, it is suggested that leadership exchanges may take many forms, that the form taken depends upon the dimension that dominates the relationship, and that leadership will have varying effects upon participants based on its developmental process.
Publication Name: Academy of Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0363-7425
Year: 1986
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The nature and implications of contextual influences on transformational leadership: a conceptual examination
Article Abstract:
In the existing transformational leadership research, little attention has been paid to contextual influences on transformational leadership. To more fully understand transformational leadership as an organizational process, researchers must study it in relation to a contextual framework. We discuss how four contextual factors affect organizational receptivity to transformational leadership. We also examine how the configuration of these factors may be used as a framework for enriching transformational leadership research. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Academy of Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0363-7425
Year: 1997
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Linking theory construction and theory testing: models with multiple indicators of latent variables
Article Abstract:
Testing theoretical constructs is extremely difficult in the social sciences, including management research. One of the principal empirical difficulties revolves around evaluating concepts that are not directly observable, such as labor productivity, employee satisfaction, or management style. One solution to this problem that has not found its way into management research is the use of indexes or multiple indicator measures to analyze complex phenomena. One of these techniques, the algorithm LISREL, could be especially useful in management-oriented studies.
Publication Name: Academy of Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0363-7425
Year: 1986
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