Measuring the Effects of a University Planning Decision Aid

Article Abstract:

TRADES is an interactive computer model allowing policy makers to evaluate and learn about the impact of changes in policy upon income and expenses. The assumptions were reviewed and approved by the proper administrators, and an explanation was included with each use of the model. The users could alter their variables, and their preferences did not have to remain stable, as with some other similiar models. Thirty-eight persons, half with TRADES, performed the experiment. LINMAP, another computer program, was used to predict each user's preferences for each policy matter. Table 1 shows that TRADES probably helped change the policy choices of the users. An explanation of this is given. A decision aid like TRADES allows the 'concept of optimality' to evolve with an understanding of the meanings of variables and their trade offs.

Universities and colleges, Decision support systems, Decision Support Software, Models, Policy, Interactive Systems, Education Administration Software, Decision Models, Educational administration software, Budgeting, TRADES Decision Support Systems

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Models for measuring and accounting for cost of conformance quality

Article Abstract:

The incorporation of the costs of time into performance evaluation, decision and cost accounting systems is examined. Quality improvement schemes almost always measure the materials and labor costs of poor quality, but neglect the response time and timeliness of delivery, factors on the demand side that largely determine competitive advantage. Analysis indicates that thisresults in the underestimation of the costs of poor quality because an increasein the defects of one will affect the delivery time of all products; there is aconvex increasing relation between defects and the total costs of poor quality;and quality improvement is maximized be concentrating defect reduction measureson products with high average service times per order, rather than those that operate in the most competitive markets.

Product quality, Finance

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Effects of Planning Aids and Presentation Media on Performance and Affective Responses in Strategic Decision-Making

Article Abstract:

Decision-making aids that work well for well-structured problems do not work well for strategic decisions. Strategic decision-making is usually poorly structured problem solving. Dialectical Inquiry System (DIS) and Devil's Advocate (DA) techniques are helpful for strategic decision-making. DIS examines assumptions in experts' proposals, the negation of these assumptions and counterproposals based on the negated assumptions. DA critiques assumptions. DIS increases decision-makers' satisfaction with the strategy formulation task. DA generated more strategic alternatives than DIS and expert proposals. DA reduced the effect of expert proposals.

Problem solving, Decision theory, Comparison, Strategic Planning, Management Applications, Decision Making

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