Retailing and channel considerations in developing countries: a review and research propositions

Article Abstract:

Additional research on retailing and distribution channel considerations in developing countries (LDCs) ought to be guided by nine detailed propositions based on subjects such as environmental and consumer characteristics, and retail and wholesaling practices. LDCs, defined as including all non-OECD members except Turkey, produced $470 billion in imports in 1989 and drew over 35 percent of US exports in that year. Prior research and literature is reviewed in nine areas, concluding with propositions for future empirical research.

Noncommercial research organizations, Research, Economic aspects, Retail industry, Retail trade, Developing countries, Distribution channels

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International strategy research: cross-cultural methodology implications

Article Abstract:

An analysis of literature on international strategic management for its cross-cultural validity aspects showed that a great number of such research still failed to qualify as true cross-cultural studies. These research were found to be limited in terms of cultures represented, the homogeneity of response in terms of the corporate unit being studied, the cross-cultural functionality of the test instrument and in terms of testing the results for their cross-cultural validity.

Planning, Evaluation, Demographic aspects, Management research, Business planning, Literature, Cross-cultural studies, Cross cultural studies, Strategic planning (Business)

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Advertising standardization in multinational corporations: the subsidiary perspective

Article Abstract:

Whether the advertising of international companies is standard around the world or differentiated in each market depends on the country of origin of the company.

Advertising, World, Advertising Activity, Multinational Corporations, Parent-to-subsidiary activities, Subsidiary-to-parent activities, International business enterprises, Subsidiaries, divisions and units

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