Soviet, U.S. physicists unveil X-ray lens that may have computer, medical uses

Article Abstract:

Soviet and American physicists announce a new lens for X-rays that could be used to etch semiconductors, to improve medical diagnosis or to treat of some kinds of tumors. The lens creates an intense, focused source of X-ray radiation. Other scientists agree that the work is valid, but some researchers caution that more work is needed before commercial viability is established. The new lens may provide a way to etch semiconductor devices with circuits that are smaller and more dense than current methods can produce. According to Walter Gibson, a physicist at the State University of New York, X-ray lithography for chip making will now be available even for small manufacturers who could not afford such expensive equipment as synchrotrons, which can cost as much as $50 million.

United States, Semiconductor devices, Innovations, Electronic components, Integrated circuit fabrication, United States foreign relations, X-rays, Semiconductors, Soviet foreign relations, Soviet Union, Semiconductor Device, Scientific Research, Photolithography, X-ray lithography

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Computer mimics life, freeing biologists from the lab

Article Abstract:

IBM physicist Philip Seiden, working with New York immunologist Franco Celada, has created a biology laboratory environment with computer software. The immunology laboratory functions using cellular automata, which are groups of computer code that simulate the actions of organisms. Seiden intends to refine his program so that scientists can use it to perform some experiments that would otherwise require laboratory animals. Use of computer models would save research time and expense, not to mention lab mice. The automata exhibit life-like behavior, simulating cells and molecules that comprise the human immune system. Seiden used cellular automata for galaxy research until immunology caught his interest.

Research, Software, Industrial research, Biomedical laboratories, Biological research, Biology, Cellular automata, Research and Development, Software Design, Medical Laboratories, Seiden, Philip

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Data security: computer virus poses small risk

Article Abstract:

Security experts say that many large corporations have fallen victim to the hype surrounding computer viruses. Companies are protecting against viruses while ignoring other pressing problems. According to one study, 53 percent of corporate computers will have anti-virus protection by 1991. However, experts say computer viruses are often mere annoyances and are not real threats, accounting for only 3 percent of data loss. Genuine threats that corporations face include: unauthorized access to information by company personnel; careless data input; failure to back-up data properly; natural disasters; and power failures or water damage.

Safety and security measures, Prevention, Statistics, Computer viruses, Security measures, Data security, Computer crimes, Virus, Data integrity, Computer files, Electronic data processing departments, Data processing departments, Security Systems, Computer Crime, United States. National Center for Computer Crime Data, National Center for Computer Crime Data

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