Instruments of pollution control

Article Abstract:

Many economists in the UK have for some time called for the introduction of economic incentives into pollution control through taxes or permits. They believe that using taxes to achieve pollution standards gives companies an incentive to go beyond basic pollution control requirements and that taxes ensure that each polluter has a choice about how to reduce its emissions. However, establishing a tax rate to bring the required pollution control result needs information about companies' mac curves. Another method of offering economic incentives for pollution control is a system of pollution permits.

Pollution, Control

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Funding pensions in the UK

Article Abstract:

Some 10.6 million people in the United Kingdom are paid state retirement pensions, and the total cost is almost 36 billion pounds sterling, more than a third of social security spending. The 1946 National Insurance Act laid the foundations for the modern state pension system, which has been supplemented by private company pensions and personal pensions. The government has linked pension increases to inflation, not wages, so it has dropped in value in relation to people in work. The government also plans to encourage people with lower earnings to join private schemes through a stakeholder system.

Pension, health, and welfare funds, Pension Funds & Benefit Plans, Pension Funds, Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs), Old Age & Survivors Insurance, Social policy, Pensions

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The climate change levy

Article Abstract:

Issues are presented concerning the use of taxation by the government of the United Kingdom to encourage the adoption of its environmental policies. The introduction of the Climate Change Levy in April 2001 is discussed.

Taxation, Business enterprises

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