Kaizan: the role of continuous improvement in industry

Article Abstract:

Kaizen, or continuous improvement, is a term used to cover a range of systems including total quality control, quality circles and just-in-time methods. Kaizen approaches focus on processes and methods of eliminating waste. Tenacity and attention to detail are valued and there is a focus on exisitng systems rather than innovation. Kaizen methods can reduce waste and boost productivity in both small and large firms, through creating greater awareness of problems and without significant amounts of spending.

Analysis, Economic aspects, Total quality management, Just in time inventory systems, Just in time systems, Quality circles

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Demand estimation and the marketing function

Article Abstract:

There are considerable challenges associated with making an accurate estimate of demand for a company's goods or services. Demand can only be estimated effectively if reliable information is available. This information must be converted into a demand curve. Marketing managers will be able to use information from the demand curve to predict what will happen to the quantity demanded if the price changes. It is important to be aware that test markets may not necessarily give realistic data.

Models, Demand (Economics)

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Earnings distribution, social class and poverty

Article Abstract:

In 1985 10% of those receiving income in the UK earned 26.5% of the total. There are many reasons for differences in income, including the employment market, family background, ability and the sex of the worker. Education levels and the ownership of shares are seen by some observers as having relevance. In 1987 10.2 million UK residents were living below the level of poverty defined by the government.

United Kingdom, Wages, Wages and salaries

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