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Resolving conflicts in intracompany transfer pricing

Article Abstract:

For vertically integrated companies in which the finished product of one firm is the raw material of the next firm, transfer pricing is critical to the maintenance of profitable operations within the group. The establishment of a transfer pricing policy should be preceded by careful consideration of four factors: (1) the goal congruence of the companies involved, (2) allowing the purchaser and seller to be motivated by the pricing, (3) ensuring the autonomy of all parties involved in the property transfer, and (4) preventing transfer prices from adversely affecting performance evaluations at the companies involved. Case studies of transfer pricing policies are examined, complete with equations for evaluating the effect of the transfer pricing policy described. According to these case studies and a survey of 230 U.S. corporations, transfer pricing most often reflects market prices.

Author: Adelberg, Arthur
Publisher: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales
Publication Name: Accountancy
Subject: Business
ISSN: 0001-4664
Year: 1986
Analysis, Economic aspects, Freight transportation, Pricing, Distribution of goods, Distribution (Commerce), Delivery of goods, Deliveries (Transportation), Shipment of goods, Great Britain, Resale price maintenance, Price maintenance

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The restrictions on restrictive covenants

Article Abstract:

Recent British court cases regarding restrictive covenants are discussed. Restrictive covenants are contracts that seek to restrain the activities of workers who leave their employers to join rival firms or start new ventures. These ex-employees may have access to sensitive information about customers or the former employer's business. In order for covenants in restraint of trade to be upheld by the courts, the restrictions must go no further than reasonable protection of the employer's legitimate interests. Restrictions are more likely to be upheld if they are applied to a specific geographical area. Other factors considered by the court when assessing 'reasonableness' are the nature of the employer's business, the scale of the employer's operations, and the employee's employment history.

Author: Edwards, Martin
Publisher: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales
Publication Name: Accountancy
Subject: Business
ISSN: 0001-4664
Year: 1988
Interpretation and construction, Laws, regulations and rules, Contracts, Non-competition agreements, Noncompete agreements, Labor contracts

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