Safe, secure and up to standard

Article Abstract:

The rapid growth of computing since the early 1980s has led to growing concern about the integrity of information systems. This concern has been heightened by the realization that the failure to secure information properly can lead to substantial financial losses, resulting in disruption, embarrassmebt and even business failure. In recognition of the need to improve computer security in business organizations, the UK's Dept. of Trade and Industry released the Code of Practice for Information Security Management in late 1993. This unique document provided a comprehensive standard against which organizations could evaluate the efficacy of their computer security arrangements. This code has since been superseded by the formalized British Standard (BS) 7799 which aims to establish a common benchmark for computer security management.

Safety and security measures, Information technology, Data security

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Managing exports effectively

Article Abstract:

Exporting companies must not lose sight of business fundamentals in managing their international sales. Cash flow and foreign exchange risk top the list of major concerns. Short term financing can be obtained through clearing banks in schemes such as overdrafts in sterling and foreign currencies. Foreign exchange risks can be dealt with by utilizing forward contracts and options. Medium and long term financing can be negotiated through forfaiting schemes, as well as lines of credit from lending institutions.

Management, International aspects, Risk management, Foreign exchange, Export marketing

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Are your exports safe on the high seas?

Article Abstract:

British exporting companies generally use documentary letters of credit as legal tender when contracting with foreign corporations. Outward letters of credit, inward letters of credit, transferable credits, back-to-back credit, and letters of credit evidencing concealed identities are discussed, as are the trade laws affecting their usage. Other documents and their preparation are briefly discussed, such as insurance forms and open cover forms.

Laws, regulations and rules, International trade regulation, Commerce, Great Britain

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