The concept of 'impartition' policies: a different approach to vertical integration strategies

Article Abstract:

'Impartition' is an entrepreneurial form of behavior in which other firms, or partners, are engaged in different parts of an organization's activities. Impartition is the inverse of vertical integration. A firm imparts when it contracts out activities instead of doing them in-house, in order to allocate resources more effectively. The impartition strategy calls for a cooperative attitude toward partners in pursuing mutual profit through external synergies. The applications of impartition include: subcontracting, franchising, licensing, and agency contracts. The principles that underlie an impartition policy are high turnover, strategic mobility, organizational flexibility, and external synergies.

Vertical integration, Entrepreneurship

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Matching collective and competitive strategies

Article Abstract:

Possibilities for combining competitive and collective strategies are examined. Combinations may be difficult if competitive intentions are revealed by means of information links stemming from collective strategies. Such strategies may result in uncontrolled disclosure of strategic data. A typology assessing how feasible strategy combinations can be is described. Implications of the typology for managerial research and practice are discussed.

Analysis, Usage, Organizational behavior, Collective behavior, Business literature

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Piggybacking strategies for nonprofits: a shared costs approach

Article Abstract:

A conceptual framework is developed in which a nonprofit organization diversifies into related surplus-producing ventures in order to subsidize its deficit-producing primary venture. Demand-side diversification activities are selected using supply side bases of shared common and joint costs.

Planning, Charitable trusts, Nonprofit organizations, Hospitals, Voluntary, Voluntary hospitals

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