Afterword: Evolving Toward OSI

Article Abstract:

There is international cooperation between government and business in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standardization process. Universally agreed standards are becoming available in every layer thanks to cooperation between ISO and CCITT and within the ECMA. The United States government has also begun programs to implement OSI protocols. Individual computer manufacturers have network architectures that are compatible with the seven layer model. Diagrams illustrate the IBM Systems Network Architecture and DEC's Digital Network Architecture.

Standard, Standardization, Telecommunications transmission technologies, Communications protocols, Network architectures, Protocol, Network Architecture, CCITT, Data Communications, OSI Standard, ISO, ECMA

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Pride of Merseyside

Article Abstract:

Cammell Laird is carrying out a stock flotation which will help pay for the renovation of two dry docks, allowing the company to use its main dock for major contracts. The company also aims to enlarge its technical services activities by making acquisitions. Cammell Laird repairs and converts ships and is affected by business cycles in the shipbuilding industry, but is not affected by the strength of pound sterling. The company's profit is forecast at 3.8 million pounds sterling for 1997 to 1998 by Beeson Gregory.

Ship Building and Repairing, Shipbuilding & Repair, Securities, Shipbuilding industry, Cammell Laird

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The thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte systems at constant activities of any number of components

Article Abstract:

The thermodynamic behavior of the multicomponent solutions B1-B2-...-Bj-C1-C2-...-Ck-A1-A2...-Ai at constant activities of all C1, C2..., Ck and A1, A2,..., Ai is studied by using the semi-ideal hydration model. It is shown that the linear isopiestic relation and the related simple predictive equations for the thermodynamic and transport properties are strictly not applicable to the mixtures of which the water activities are less than those of their binary saturated subsystems.

Observations, Spectra, Thermodynamics, Solution (Chemistry), Solutions (Chemistry), Chemical properties

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