Introduction and general overview of cyclodextrin chemistry

Article Abstract:

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are seminatural products which are synthesized from the renewable natural material, starch. They are industrially produced because of the relative ease of changing important characteristics and the ability to eliminate their toxic properties. They are therefore used in drugs, foods or cosmetics. Production starts with the liquefaction of start at high temperature. After cooling, CD glucosyl transferase enzyme produced by microorganisms is added. Next, a complex-forming agent is added and is latter removed and the aqueous solution is filtered. CDs are then extracted through crystallization and filtration.

Starch, Cyclodextrins

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Introduction: force and tunneling microscopy

Article Abstract:

The invention of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) by Gerd Binnig and others are now being used as important research tools. Chemical Review discusses in its Jun 1997 issue such related topics as cross-sectional STM, effects of strain on the growth of ultrathin Ge films on Si(001) by using STM, and how STM contributes to the study of metal on metal epitaxial systems. It also gives theoretical calculations of STM images of adsorbates, STM images of self-assembled monolayer systems, the use of electrochemical STM and AFM images to understand solid-liquid interface and others.

Research, Equipment and supplies, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Atomic force microscopy, Chemical microscopy, Binnig, Gerd

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Rotational tunneling and neutron spectroscopy: a compilation

Article Abstract:

Rotational tunneling describes the transition of atomic particles within molecules across energy levels. Neutron spectroscopy has permitted the study of single particle rotation and the effects of temperature, pressure, isotopic replacement, and other environmental changes on the phenomenon. Analysis of tunneling, combined with molecular dynamic modeling, contributes significantly to the study of molecular interactions in reactions.

Measurement, Neutrons, Molecular rotation, Tunneling (Physics), Tunneling spectroscopy, Neutron scattering

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