Estimating internal waves and diapycnal mixing from conventional mooring data in a lake

Article Abstract:

Data on temporal variations in temperature and current can be used to estimate internal waves and diapycnal mixing in a lake. The data can be obtained with a single thermistor chain and two current meters. Variations are assumed to come mainly from internal waves with propagation in the mean flow and mean stratification. Estimates can be made of propagation characteristics, energy density, directional flux of internal waves, and the vertical and temporal distribution of Richardson number, from which the estimated rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass as well as the estimated vertical diffusivity can be derived.

Mixing, Mixing (Materials processing), Water waves

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Observations of the thermal structure of a lake using a submarine

Article Abstract:

Use of a small submarine with a vertical array of high-resolution temperature sensors to make observations of the thermal structure of Lake Geneva in both summer and winter is discussed. The submarine proved to be an effective means to the desired ends. It provided flexibility to respond and observe. Remotely operated vehicles and autonomous underwater vehicles may in time be used for such measurements.

United Kingdom, Statistical Data Included, Usage, Submarines, Temperature, Submarine boats, Lake ecology

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Recent developments in the study of ocean turbulence

Article Abstract:

The changes in the understanding of turbulence and mixing in the upper layers of the ocean, the abyssal ocean, and in continental shelf seas are reviewed, through advances in instruments and methodology. Progress is observed through the development of novel techniques and instruments reliable and sufficiently rugged to operate in the harsh ocean environment and when turbulence is most severe.

United States, Analysis, Oceanographic research, Atmospheric turbulence

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