Evolution in organisms that change their niches during the life cycle

Article Abstract:

The evolution of organisms that occupy different ecological niches at different stages in their life cycles was studied with the use of evolutionarly stable strategy models. Depending on the niche occupied at any particular stage, organisms with simple life cycles undergo different selective pressures, but their evolution is constrained by the genetic correlation between juvenile and adult stages. Selection pressures may act on the genetic correlation to allow the life stages to independently react to selective pressures, giving rise to complex life cycles (metamorphosis).

Life cycles (Biology), Resource partitioning (Ecology)

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Including the characters of interest during tree reconstruction and the problems of circularity and bias in studies of character evolution

Article Abstract:

The practice of including characters of interest during reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree can result in a bias, as can the practice of excluding them. In other cases, neither practice results in a significant bias. A simple rule to always exclude or include characters of interest would spawn logical problems. Reliable inferences about character evolution are best achieved by considering how both practices will influence the results of an analysis and how these influences will affect the specific hypotheses being evaluated.

Methods, Phylogeny

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Constraints on phenotypic evolution

Article Abstract:

A concept in quantitative genetics that provides a unifying framework for the various constraints on phenotypic evolution was discussed. Scientists usually focus on only one or two of the phenotypic evolution constraints of selection, inheritance, development and design limits. Recent efforts to achieve a common framework that takes into account these four constraints were summarized. Success would depend on cooperation among developmental biologists, optimality theorists and population geneticists.

Phenotype, Phenotypes, Behavior evolution, Behavioral evolution

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