Currency areas, common currencies, and EMU

Article Abstract:

Currency areas and monetary unions are both classified under fixed exchange rates. A monetary union, however, has one monetary currency, whereas a currency area can have two or more currencies. Speculation is stabilizing and interest rates are inclined to converge under a true currency area. But under a pseudo currency area, speculation is destabilizing and interest rates deviate as confirmed by predicted changes in exchange-rate. The steps in the formation of a monetary union, and membership issues to the proposed European Monetary Union are also discussed.

Analysis, Membership, Monetary unions, European Monetary System

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Industry concerned by timetable for outsourcing government IT work

Article Abstract:

The Australian government has launched an initiative to outsource all the Federal Government's IT services. The federal agencies are expected to complete outsourcing by the end of 1999 and the government expects to save $A970 million over eight years. The time frame is considered a little too tight by some contractors. It does not allow to assess the effectiveness of one program before bidding for future projects.

Australia, Services, Information technology, Contracts, Public contracts, Government contracts

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Educational and industrial contacts in the UK

Article Abstract:

A list of organizations involved in pharmaceutical and pharmacological research and education in the UK is provided. The list includes private and public organizations such as the British Medical Assn., the Chemical Industries Assn., the Royal College of Nursing and the Wellcome Trust.

Associations, Directory, Pharmacology

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