Exchange rate instability and the Tobin tax

Article Abstract:

The Tobin tax is a possible preventive measure for exchange rate instability and speculation. In this revenue raising measure, a small tax would be extracted on foreign exchange transactions equal to 0.1% of the total volume. The Tobin tax is calculated to raise $150 billion a year and is to be used by national government for international purposes. Professor P.B. Spahn has also suggested a two-tier Tobin tax meant to rule out one-way speculation by imposing an additional tax called the penal tax. The Tobin tax must also be complemented by intervention of the International Monetary Fund.

Analysis, International Monetary Fund, Prices and rates, Foreign exchange, Foreign exchange rates, Taxation

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Household responses to pricing garbage by the bag

Article Abstract:

Individual household information are utilized to determine responses to the implementation of a price per bag of garbage. Findings indicate that households decrease the number of bags, but not necessarily the actual weight of their refuse. Therefore, households compressed their garbage to minimize expenses. They also increased the weight of recycling and they might have increased the volume of illegal dumping.

Refuse and refuse disposal, Waste disposal

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