Real effects of academic research: comment
Article Abstract:
Adam Jaffe studied how university research affected commercial innovation. Jaffe measured the number of patented inventions and concluded that spillovers from university research caused corporate patent activity to increase. There was little evidence that geographical proximity of universities and research laboratories increased the possibility of spillovers. The measurement of innovative activity in a more direct manner provides even stronger support for Jaffe's findings.
Publication Name: American Economic Review
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0002-8282
Year: 1992
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Company-scientist locational links: the case of biotechnology
Article Abstract:
Geographic proximity remains a vital economic component for biotechnology firms and their affiliated scientists compared to other industries. This company-scientist relationship is conditioned by the scientist's role and characteristics, particularly in terms of geographic proximity to the firm. When scientists are actively involved in the firm's R&D processes, it makes sense for firms to locate them in the same region.
Publication Name: American Economic Review
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0002-8282
Year: 1996
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R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production
Article Abstract:
R&D spillovers of economic knowledge have been associated with improved economic returns and economic development. In particular, R&D investments by private corporations and universities generate a 'spill over' effect that can be used by third-party companies. Innovations are more clustered in markets where knowledge spillover is a vital component, even when geographic concentration has expanded limits.
Publication Name: American Economic Review
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0002-8282
Year: 1996
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Geographic proximity remains a vital economic component for biotechnology firms and their affiliated scientists compared to other industries. This company-scientist relationship is conditioned by the scientist's role and characteristics, particularly in terms of geographic proximity to the firm. When scientists are actively involved in the firm's R&D processes, it makes sense for firms to locate them in the same region.