Japanese technology management: introduction to the special issue

Article Abstract:

Japanese production technology management methods such as Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing systems have given their industries the competitive edge in global manufacturing markets starting from the 1980s. The principles behind JIT focuses on bottom-up decision methods which include teams, quality circles, multi-skilled workers, and constant improvement. The method's implementation necessitates close supervision of suppliers and quality. JIT was developed by the Toyota industry in the 1960s to streamline production methods and was assimilated by other automobile industries by the late 1970s.

Technology application, Manufacturing processes, Manufacturing, Technological innovations, Toyota Motor Corp., Industrial management

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Top-down production management: a recent trend in the Japanese productivity-enhancement movement

Article Abstract:

Manufacturing processes of Japanese industries in the 1970s and 1980s have greatly benefited from bottom-up decision methods which include teams, multi-skilled workforces, and quality circles. Practices such as total quality management and Just-in-Time systems have worked so far, however, due to the extreme appreciation of the yen during the mid-1980s, firms have come up with new methods to improve productivity. Total Productivity Management, which relies on a top-down approach, furnishes direct linkages between corporate-wide objectives which include shopfloor practices and cost reduction.

Cost Control Techniques, Total quality management, Cost control

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Inventory reduction and productivity growth: a comparison of Japanese and US automotive sectors

Article Abstract:

Close examination of US and Japanese automobile industries reveals a strong correlation between inventory reduction and productivity growth. Although both countries have applied innovations such as the Just-in-Time manufacturing method, the Japanese automobile industry exhibits more significant advancements in inventory reductions and productivity gains compared to US counterparts. The lackluster performance of US industries despite streamlining of manufacturing plants can be attributed to the equally poor showing of American automotive suppliers.

Motor vehicles and car bodies, Motor Vehicles, Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing, Production Planning & Control, Production control

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