Trade Logistics in Developing Countries: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa

Article Abstract:

Logistics chain analysis shows that export commodity transport and non-transport costs from North Africa and the Middle East can be significant. Factors driving these costs include customs restrictions, inconsistent product quality, lack of adequate cross-border transit policies, and low export volume fostering inventory accumulation expenses and lengthy shipping times. Policy recommendations are discussed.

Management dynamics, Logistic Services, Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services, Middle East, Management services, Northern Africa, Management, Evaluation, Logistics services, Company business management

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An Assessment of Environmentally- related Non-tariff Measures

Article Abstract:

The effects of Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary standards (SPSs) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) are assessed. Approximately 88% of world trade value is in products that could be affected by these measures, as is 39% of the global import value. Industries involved include the pharmaceutical, automotive, and agricultural businesses.

International Affairs, Intnl Environmental Law, Economic aspects, Environmental aspects, International environmental law, Environmental law, International

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Trade policy reforms and the structure of protection in Vietnam

Article Abstract:

A study comparing the present day trade policy of Vietnam with market-oriented trade policy reforms that were implemented over 15 years in the country, is presented. The structure of protectionism inbuilt in the present-day trade policy reform is also examined.

International economic relations, Vietnam, Comparative analysis, Trade policy, Commercial policy

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