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GPS time transfer

Article Abstract:

Global positioning system (GPS) satellites are now the principal tool for international comparisons of atomic clocks. GPS-based time transfer is ten times more accurate than time transfer based on LORAN-C. GPS allows the comparison of the world's best frequency standards in a way that exploits their top level of performance. The accuracy rate of GPS time transfer is of the order 10-20 nanoseconds between continents and 2-3 nanoseconds within a single continent. The next decade should provide further improvements in time transfer, providing an ultimate accuracy at the subnanosecond level.

Author: Lewandowski, Wlodzimierz, Thomas, Claudine
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Publication Name: Proceedings of the IEEE
Subject: Electronics
ISSN: 0018-9219
Year: 1991
Time measurement, Satellite communications, Technical, Accuracy, Timing, Clocks, Frequency

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A Theorem on the Summation of Return Differences and Some Consequences

Article Abstract:

A theorem is presented on the summation of return differences which shows that the reciprocals of the return elements with respect to all network elements equals the nullity of the network. The theorem is extended to the summation of driving-point and transfer network immittances. A corollary is presented for a network with active and coupled elements.

Author: Chen, W.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Publication Name: Proceedings of the IEEE
Subject: Electronics
ISSN: 0018-9219
Year: 1984
Feedback, Theory, Mathematical Proofs, Amplifiers

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