Fast computer memories: designers are searching for new DRAM technologies to reduce memory access time and so unleash computer performance

Article Abstract:

The gap between processor and memory speed must be closed if the price-to-performance ratio of computer systems is to keep improving. Processor speed peaks only when the flow of data and instructions is fast and unfaltering, and that flow is especially necessary to reduced-instruction-set computer (RISC) processors. The truism of von Neumann's processor model persists today: slow memory is cheap and fast memory is expensive. While the first level of this hierarchy involves the processor's internal registers, the second level is the cache; a small, very fast memory. The third level is the main memory itself, which is used to store programs and data. Interleaving, or increasing memory bandwidth, is the most common way to increase main memory throughput, but it may require too much memory, and it has to be upgraded in increments of N. Synchronous and cached DRAMs are discussed.

Circuit design, Design and construction, Dynamic random access memory, DRAM (Dynamic random access memory), Processor speeds, Performance improvement (Computers), DRAM, Processor Speed, Performance Improvement, Methods

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Ring of steel II

Article Abstract:

New York City's plans to replicate the high security system implemented in the district of City of London in London are discussed.

Strategy & planning, General services, Government domestic functions, New York, England, Planning, Safety and security measures, London, England, New York, New York, Company business planning, Internal security, Domestic policy

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