A mathematical model to simulate small boat behaviour

Article Abstract:

The use of mathematical models and associated computer simulation is a well established technique for predicting the behaviour of large marine vessels. For a variety of reasons, mainly related to effects of scale, existing models are unable to adequately predict the manoeuvring characteristics of smaller vessels. The accuracy with which the performance of a boat under autopilot control can be predicted also leaves much to be desired. The paper presents a mathematical model to simulate small boat behaviour and so can assist with the design and testing of boat autopilots. The boat model is presented in six degrees-of-freedom, which, with suitable wave disturbance terms, allows motions such as broaching to be analysed. Instabilities in the performance of an autopilot arising from such sea-induced yaw motions can be assessed with a view to improving the control algorithms and methodology. The research rectifies the glaring omission of a small boat mathematical model, the framework of which could be expanded to encompass other marine vehicles. Initial results are promising and show good agreement with real data. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Boating industry, Tests, Dynamics (Mechanics), Modularity, Software architectures, Testing, Dynamics, technical

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Mathematical Simulation of Impact of Birth Control Policies on Indian Population System

Article Abstract:

A computer simulation of the Indian population under various birth control policies has been developed. Unlike other world population models that are based on general geographic regions, the new model is specific to one country, in this case, India, and therefore allows projections that take into account the unique social and political factors within a specific country. Using variables such as population, birth and death rates, fertility, nutrition levels, age structure, and couples protected by contraceptive measures, the system projects population rates, up to the year 2026, under several birth control policies. Under slack birth control policy, the model projects a much greater, and potentially problematic, population increase. In addition to above factors, the model also takes economic factors - distribution of income, per capita income - into account. The model can be used in planning national policy on birth control and distribution of income. Diagrams and a flow chart of the system are presented, as are several graphs of the results of the simulations.

Forecasting, Demography, Social conditions, Policy, Continuous Simulation, India, Planning Applications, Social Issue

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A System Dynamics Simulation of Educational Finance Policies

Article Abstract:

Two approaches to simulation of a school finance reform issue were tried: a static model and a system dynamic model. Static models apply arithmetic calculations to data one period at a time. Dynamic models incorporate feedback data from an event or time period in projecting to future events. Applied to school finances, which are decided on a year-by-year basis, each approach compensates for the weaknesses of the other. Static models project locality-by-locality costs on a one year basis using actual data. Dynamic models can project multiyear costs, but not by specific localities. The dynamic model is speculative, being based on assumptions inferred from indirect measurements. Graphs illustrating the adequacy of expenditures for education, other services, and tax rate changes are presented.

Education, Public administration, Financial Analysis Software, Models, Dynamic Systems, Static Systems, Tax, Education Administration Software, Decision Models, Feedback, Educational administration software

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