Rethinking X-ray lithography

Article Abstract:

Many advanced technology experts believe that new devices that collimate X-rays will be an important alternative to expensive and inflexible synchrotrons used in X-ray integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. More powerful and less costly point sources of X-radiation and devices to manipulate, reflect and collimate X-rays are encouraging new advances. Experts contend that the point X-ray sources will cost much less than synchrotrons. What is needed is for prototypes to be constructed and proven. Then, it is expected that chip fabrication may be built around the sources. The new technology may provide attractive niches for smaller semiconductor firms.

Usage, Integrated circuits, Integrated circuit fabrication, Design and construction, X-rays, Product introduction, Technical, Electromagnetic radiation, Low Cost, Glossary, New Technique

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Contrasting strategies are pursued by big three economic powerhouses

Article Abstract:

US and Eastern Europe may begin to devote more time and energy to civilian research and development now that the Cold War is ending. Engineers, rather than lawyers or financial managers, dominate the industrial hierarchy in many foreign countries. Scientists and engineers in Japan and Germany make use of international research. In the US, since World War II, the Pentagon has set the pace for much R&D. Congress has passed a House bill to boost funding for the Commerce Department's Advanced Technology Program, intended to spur US competitiveness.

International trade, Competition, Japan, United States, Industry-Sponsored Research, Government Funding, European Economic Community, Government aid, Eastern Europe

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