Supermodeling reactors for profitability

Article Abstract:

The prerequisites for building and implementing a reliable custom model reactor are discussed. These include reactor or catalyst performance data, reaction mechanism and rate expressions, test facility for model validation, prior experience in analyzing data, establishing reaction mechanisms and rate expressions and determining rate parameters. The major feature of a general model is that it possesses most of the elements required for customization including material and energy balances, interaction of reaction kinetics with heat- and mass-transfer and diffusion pphenomena, mathematical routines for simultaneous solution of equations and parameter estimations, methods to account for physical property changes and phase-transfer behaviors and effects of heat and mass di

Manufacturing processes, Motor and Generator Manufacturing, Heavy/Light Water Reactors, Water cooled reactors

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Biocatalysis makes headaway in chemicals

Article Abstract:

Biotechnology companies are developing biocatalysts for the synthesis of polymer and bulk companies. Biocatalysts can perform multistep operations in a single unit without the need to alter the chemical process to adapt to enzymes. In addition, biocatalysts are highly specific and stable and can reduce capital and operation expenditures by 40%-60%. However, industrial enzymes are expensive, which can cost from $10,000-$100,000 per kg.

Product information, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing, Biocatalysts

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For catalyst regeneration, incentives anew

Article Abstract:

Petroleum refiners are resorting to regeneration of their catalysts in order to lessen their waste disposal costs and problems due to landfill restrictions. Demand for catalysts is also expected to increase due to lower limits on sulfur in gasoline. The majority of refiners send their spent catalysts to offsite regeneration service, an option considered environmentally friendly and economical compared to onsite regeneration.

Petroleum Refineries, Pollutants produced & recycled, Petroleum Refining

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