Take a systems approach to corrosion under insulation

Article Abstract:

Carbon steel and stainless steel, which are used in making insulated process equipment, are susceptible to different forms of corrosion. The former undergoes uniform corrosion while the latter experiences external stress corrosion cracking. The presence of aerated water, elevated or cycling temperatures and contaminants determine the severity of corrosion. The problem can be mitigated through the proper design of the insulated equipment, correct use of types of insulation and coatings and ensuring proper inspection and maintenance.

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Easily determine safety integrity level

Article Abstract:

A simple and fast system for using ISA Standard S84 has been developed. The novel system uses a team of operators and engineers to choose what processes require automatic systems and the level of risk reduction required from these systems. The S84 applies to system made up of sensor, logic solvers and final control elements that guide the process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated.

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Monitoring process performance

Article Abstract:

Process diagnostics technologies are confronting greater challenges, higher expectation levels, and market demand for new and better services with the realization of the cost of unscheduled shutdowns.

Process control instruments, Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables, Research & development outlays, Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classified, Digital Process Control Equip, Digital process control equipment

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