Evolution of helping behavior in cooperatively breeding birds

Article Abstract:

Sex biases in helping behavior among birds is not well understood. No obvious dichotomy exists between cooperative societies with a basis in natal philopatry and formation of extended families and those formed by means of recruitment of unrelated birds into coalitions. Significance of kinship may be overemphasized for male helpers and underemphasized for females. Male helpers and female helpers may obtain very different benefits because for females there is less opportunity to inherit a territory vacancy, among other things. Cooperative breeding among birds refers to social systems in which more than two birds work to rear a single brood. Some birds thus care for young of other birds.

United States, Research, Behavior, Observations, Birds, Courtship of animals, Mating behavior, Altruistic behavior in animals, Kin selection (Evolution), Kin selection (Natural selection), Animal altruistic behavior

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Evolution of eusociality in termites

Article Abstract:

The development of termite eusociality was enhanced by several characteristics possessed by the species and its ancestors. These include offspring nest inheritance, group defense, generation overlap, sufficient food supplies, slow development and cloistered familial associations. Eusociality allows termites to develop genetic asymmetry despite the lack of meiosis and fertilization.

Social aspects, Analysis, Termites, Social evolution

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Species richness of parasite assemblages: evolution and patterns

Article Abstract:

The patterns observed in component parasite communities do not necessarily reflect overall parasite fauna richness. Component communities, or host-based parasites, tend to form saturated communities, artificially inflating overall richness figures. Species richness is affected by local parasite species availability and colonization probability.

Environmental aspects, Parasites

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