Possible largest-scale trends in organismal evolution: eight ''live hypotheses"

Article Abstract:

Eight candidates for rationales for trends found in organisms can be considered 'live hypotheses'. The hypotheses are giving rise to research on trends of very large scale, that is, energy intensiveness, entropy, developmental depth, evolutionary versatility, adaptedness, structural depth, complexity, and size. Conceptual challenges related to trend studies can be found in alternative bases for classifying trends, pattern vs dynamics; alternative modes for studying the trends of the greatest scale, skeptical vs exploratory; and evolutionary progress.

Methods, Observations, Science, Biological diversity, Biodiversity, Biomechanics, Adaptation (Biology), Evolutionary adaptation, Biology, Scientific method, Biophysics, Entropy (Physics), Entropy (Thermodynamics)

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Pathways, mechanisms, and rates of polyploid formation in flowering plants

Article Abstract:

The origins of polyploidy have been studied and parameter values for each of the steps in the principal pathways quantified. Triploids were found not to be sterile. The triploid bridge pathway was found to be able to contribute significantly to autopolyploid formation no matter what the mating system. It can contribute also to allopolyploid formation in outcrossing taxa. The rate of autopolyploid formation may often be higher than the rate of allopolyploid formation.

Genetic aspects, Plants, Origin of species, Hybridization, Polyploidy, Plant reproduction, Allopolyploid, Allopolyploidy

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Floral symmetry and its role in plant-pollinator systems: terminology, distribution, and hypotheses

Article Abstract:

A classification scheme for floral symmetry has been proposed. It is intended to resolve some confusion that comes from the inconsistent application of terms. Floral symmetry has been important in the study of animal behavior and pollination biology. The distribution of floral forms in angiosperm families has been reviewed and some theories causes of the evolution of floral symmetry substantiated..

Israel, Germany, Causes of, Botany, Flowers, Plant morphology

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