Closing the loop with animals

Article Abstract:

New technology is needed to recycle food residuals into drier, more economical, less variable and more acceptable products. The high moisture content and variability of food residuals prevent its acceptance as a major component of commercial animal diet. Current methods for processing food residuals are dehydration, pressing, screen separation, shredding, extrusion and an activated sludge process. Methods that need further study are ensiling and chemical methods using sodium hydroxide and propionic or formic acid.

Methods, Evaluation, Animal feeding and feeds, Recycling (Waste, etc.), Recycling, Feed processing

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Farm composting economics

Article Abstract:

Organic waste composting is being adopted by farmers. A handbook for on-farm composting has been published to provide farmers not only with technical information but with applications of practical economics in operating projects as well. The necessity of avoiding unexpected costs and minimizing operational expenditures throughoptimal utilization of production capacity are emphasized. Increasing material volume determines the need for additional composting equipment.

Economic aspects, Organic farming

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Using agro-industrial by-products

Article Abstract:

Use of organic waste is continuously increasing in Ghana where farmers are searching for new alternatives to imported fertilizers. The use of fertilizers is limited to the locales near production because of transport expenses. Two compost plants in Accra that produce 4,000 tons annually are discussed.

Waste management, Ghana

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