Distribution of potential gains from international environmental agreements: the case of the greenhouse effect

Article Abstract:

The distribution of potential gains among countries which are cooperating on environmental issues depends on the type of relationships established. The First Best (FB), Nash Bargaining (NB) and Kalai-Smorodinsky (KS) cooperative solutions illuminate the effect of taking into account each countries' level of negotiating power. Using the data on greenhouse gas emissions from different countries, it was concluded that the level of potential gains in every country are distinct for each of the cooperative solutions. NB and KS solutions are advantageous for developing countries, while the FB solution is favorable to highly industrialized nations.

Models, International aspects, Greenhouse gases, Greenhouse effect, International cooperation

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The effect of labor market performance on deforestation in developing countries under open access: an example from rural Nepal

Article Abstract:

The deforesting behavior of smallholder agriculturists facing changes in off-farm labor market conditions are investigated. A model incorporating dependence on open access forests for fuelwood and animal raising is proposed. Time paths of forest stocks, deforestation levels and household labor supply under various conditions are then compared using dynamic simulations. Nepal's agro-forestry system is shown to be stable despite the model. An alternative model suggests that deforesting behavior and equilibrium forest stock levels are influenced by the availability of off-farm opportunities.

Research, Farmers

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Woodland deforestation by charcoal supply to Dar es Salaam

Article Abstract:

A theoretical dynamic model has been developed to analyze the effects of charcoal production on woodland deforestation in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The analysis predicts that charcoal burning and steady-state wood harvesting affect woodlands in Dar es Salaam. For example, the sagging demand for charcoal, as a result of an increase in biomass production, may contribute to the control of deforestation in the area. High population growth was also cited as a major cause of the exploitation of natural resources in Africa.

Environmental aspects, Control, Biomass, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (City), Charcoal

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