Social programs for families in poverty: past impacts and future prospects

Article Abstract:

Governmental assistance programs during the last 20 years have reduced poverty, although benefit cuts and restrictions have limited their effectiveness. The rate of poverty went from 19% in 1964 to 11.5% in the 1970s, rose during the 1980s, and now is over 13%. Various social insurance programs particularly benefited the middle class and the elderly. However, the number of female-headed households in extreme poverty has gone up significantly. Job training programs and substantial assistance early on are important elements in a successful approach to reducing poverty.

Evaluation, Services, Poor, Domestic economic assistance

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Problem-solving and decision-making as central processes of family life: an ecological framework for family relations and family resource management

Article Abstract:

Difficulty with joint problem-solving and decision-making processes is a major reason why families seek therapy and affects both social and economic family functions. Yet scholars have tended to view socialization and economic functions separately. An integrated conceptual framework is needed that can include both functions in theories of family decision-making processes. Family resource management is a discipline which may be able to provide that framework. The framework presented draws on motivational theories, family interaction theory and family therapy.

Decision-making, Decision making

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Theoretical issues in researching problem solving in families

Article Abstract:

Researchers trying to examine problem solving in family contexts have been limited by several factors: disagreement on key concepts; a focus on normative rather than empirical theories; and the complexity of problems which families face. A taxonomy of problems and definitions of terms which may provide a workable approach are presented. In addition, a basic empirical theory of problem solving based on general theories of behavior, which may be useful in studying families, is summarized.

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