Depressed immune response to tetanus in children with vitamin A deficiency

Article Abstract:

The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the immune response of children was examined in 236 Indonesian children. Normal and mildly xeophthalmic children were randomly assigned to groups receiving either vitamin A supplements or placebo and were immunized with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine two weeks after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay measurement of immunoglobulin synthesis showed that normal and xerophthalic children who received vitamin A supplements had higher immunoglobulin G response to tetanus than those with unsupplemented diets. This indicates a relative immune depression in vitamin A-deficient subjects.

Immune response, Immunosuppression, Vitamin A

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Copper deficiency alters vasodilation in the rat cremaster muscle microcirculation

Article Abstract:

A study was done on the effects of copper deficiency on cremaster muscle microcirculation in rats. Copper deficiency was found to attenuate endothelium-dependent relaxation which is mediated by nitric oxide as well as nitric oxide-mediated dilation which is endothelium-independent. These findings suggest that vascular smooth muscle relaxation mediated by nitric oxide is inhibited by copper deficiency without affecting the capacity of the muscle to relax.

Physiological aspects, Nitric oxide, Acetylcholine, Microcirculation, Hypocupremia

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Breast-feeding, mastitis, and HIV transmission: nutritional implications

Article Abstract:

The risk of transmitting HIV disease from mother to child may increase when lactating women develop mastitis. According to a nutritional model, micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of mastitis which in turn adds to the HIV load present in human milk. The vicious cycle of anorexia, malabsorption, diarrhea, and lack of vital nutrients in HIV disease leads to malnutrition, especially in developing countries.

Complications and side effects, HIV infection, HIV infections, Disease transmission, Breast feeding, Contamination, Breast milk, Mastitis

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