History of nutritional immunology: introduction and overview

Article Abstract:

Nutritional immunology traces its roots in the discovery of malnutrition-caused lymphoid tissue degeneration in 1810. The discovery of vitamins and their importance in immunity and host resistance fueled the interest in the field during the 1900s. The lack of research activity during World War II and the popularity of antibiotics in the following years hindered progress in nutritional immunology. However, new concepts and innovative research strategies and methodologies have revived interest in the field of nutritional immunology because of its relevant applications in health and medicine.

Immune response

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Protein-energy malnutrition and immunological responses

Article Abstract:

The nutritional aspect of immunocompetence is an important factor in determining infection-related mortality and morbidity. Examination of the effects of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) revealed that it adversely affects immune responses. Among the known deleterious consequences of PEM are the reduction of the immune response as indicated by delayed skin hypersensitivity and reduced cell-mediated immunity and the degeneration of lymphoid tissues, especially the thymus. These observations have relevant applications in nutritional and clinical practices.

Malnutrition

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Zinc, copper, and iron nutriture and immunity

Article Abstract:

Zinc, copper and iron deficiencies affect immunocompetence in man and animals. Zinc and copper deficiencies have deleterious effects on the immune response and consequently on host disease resistance. Deficiency in iron also reduces immunity, however, excessive iron in the diet is correlated with a higher incidence of infection. The specific role of these metals in the regulation of immune responses is unknown although their contribution to the biological activity of many enzyme systems can lead to the enhancement of immunocompetence.

Physiological aspects, Minerals in nutrition, Minerals (Nutrients), Zinc, Copper, Zinc (Metal)

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