Around the block: urban models with a street grid

Article Abstract:

Urban residential models that assume alternative configurations of a street grid are considered. Conventional urban models have heretofore assumed transportation systems with an infinite number of radial streets emanating from the central business district (CBD). However, using a street grid or a network of vertical and horizontal roads significantly alters the iso-transportation-cost curves of the urban model and, thus, yields different results for population densities, spatial patterns, rents and housingprices. Other cases involving circular streets with a given number of radial commuting arteries, a suburban worksite and a grid with streets that do not pass through the CBD are examined. The results indicate that total transportation costs, and not distance from the CBD, determine population density and rent ranges.

City planning, Urban planning, Blocks (City planning), City blocks

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On fiscal disparities across cities

Article Abstract:

There is little information on the fiscal disparities that exist because cities vary in their ability to provide public services, as taxable resources and public service costs vary. The results of fiscal disparities within city government arrangements are examined by combining input and surrounding costs within a model of city spending purposes. Because cost functions cannot be directly watched, cost disparities cannot be measured easily but grants can be designed to compensate for cost disparities by the use of this type of model. Such cost disparities should be addressed as they represent a significant reason for variation and incapability in city governments.

Analysis, Fiscal policy, Urban economics

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City and suburb: urban models with more than one employment center

Article Abstract:

Two models that extend the standard model for urban residential structure for a situation where there is one suburban employment center in addition to a central business district are presented. These models, when used for a case where the transportation network is defined by a system of dense circular streets, show how the urban housing market is influenced by the establishment of a new suburban employment center. The models also indicate how the spatial arrangement of the urban housing market is influenced by changes in suburban incomes.

Employment, Housing research, Suburbs, Homesites

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