Diagnosis and screening of HIV/AIDS using clinical criteria in Tanzanian adults

Article Abstract:

Diagnoses of AIDS based on symptoms rather than HIV blood tests may be effective in developing countries with a high prevalence of the disease where testing is difficult. Researchers evaluated the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition (CCD) for AIDS, and diagnosis algorithms for HIV. The CCD and HIV algorithms use symptoms and diseases to identify patients when HIV blood tests are unavailable. At a Tanzanian hospital, 223 patients were screened for HIV and AIDS using both WHO criteria and HIV blood tests. Compared to the blood test, the WHO CCD was effective in identifying patients without AIDS, but not as effective in identifying patients with AIDS. The diagnosis algorithms were effective in identifying patients with HIV, but not effective in identifying patients without HIV. Among the various criteria, oral candidiasis and swollen lymph nodes were helpful in predicting HIV infection.

Health aspects, Tanzania, AIDS (Disease)

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Delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in Tanzanian adults with HIV infection

Article Abstract:

Total blood lymphocyte counts and delayed hypersensitivity testing could be used to detect adults with HIV infection in developing countries. Many of these countries cannot afford the expensive diagnostic tests used in the US. In a study of 201 patients in Tanzania, 90 were HIV-positive by standard diagnostic tests. They were much more likely to have a reduced or absent response to delayed hypersensitivity testing and more likely to have low total lymphocyte counts than those who were HIV-negative. The response to tuberculin, candidin and one additional antigen was 85-90% effective in detecting those with HIV infection.

Usage, Skin tests

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Correlation among total lymphocyte count, absolute CD4+ count, and CD4+ percentage in a group of HIV-1-infected South African patients

Article Abstract:

A total lymphocyte count (TLC) was thought to be be an inexpensive alternative to a CD4+ T-cell count, allowing early diagnosis and early treatment of HIV infection in less developed areas where people would otherwise go without. Some studies suggest that a TLC can be used to predict a low absolute CD4+ T-cell count. In a test of 2,777 HIV-positive patients it was shown that a TLC had a 90.3% sensitivity of finding lowered CD4+ T-cell count, but was not effective as a predictor.

T cells, CD4 lymphocytes

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