False-Positive HIV-1 Test Results in a Low-Risk Screening Setting of Voluntary Blood Donation

Article Abstract:

People who test positive for HIV-1 on a Western blot test may need further testing if the test does not reveal the p31 band. The p31 band represents the viral polymerase protein. In a study of over 5 million blood samples tested for HIV with the ELISA and Western blot tests, 421 tested positive on Western blot. Western blot is used to confirm the results of the ELISA test. In 39 of these people, the Western blot lacked the p31 band. Further testing using the polymerase chain reaction revealed that 20 were not actually infected with HIV. This represents a false-positive rate of 5% of the total group that was Western blot-positive.

Analysis, Diagnosis, False positive reactions, Western immunoblotting, Western blot

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Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Major Transfusion-Transmissible Viral Infections in US Blood Donors, 1991 to 1996

Article Abstract:

The percentage of Americans who have a blood-borne infection has remained relatively stable in the 1990s. This was the conclusion of researchers who analyzed blood donations from 1.9 million donors between 1991 and 1996. The percentage of donors who tested positive for HIV or hepatitis C virus decreased during this time. The percentage who tested positive for hepatitis B virus or HTLV remained the same. Among repeat donors, the frequency of blood-borne infection remained stable also.

Statistical Data Included, Statistics, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, HTLV infections

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Prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations following implementation of a structured blood safety policy in South Africa

Article Abstract:

A study is carried out to determine whether the implementation of a new donor selection policy and educational program introduced in 1999 was associated with reductions in the incidence and prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations and the reduced transmission risk. It is concluded that the implementation of enhanced education and selection policies in South Africa was associated with decreased prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations.

General services, South Africa, Safety and security measures, Health promotion, Blood donors, Blood donation

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