Hormone Replacement Therapy, Prothrombotic Mutations, and the Risk of Incident Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction in Postmenopausal Women
Article Abstract:
Postmenopausal women who have hypertension, use hormone replacement therapy, and have a gene mutation that predisposes them to produce blood clots have over 10 times the risk of having a heart attack compared to women with none of those risk factors. This was the conclusion of a study of 955 postmenopausal women, 232 of whom had a heart attack.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2001
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The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies
Article Abstract:
People taking calcium channel blockers appear to have a greater risk of heart attack than those taking other classes of drugs used to lower blood pressure. Researchers studied the records of 623 patients who had heart attacks while taking antihypertensive medication and 2,032 patients who were treated for high blood pressure but did not have heart attacks. The patients ranged in age from 30 to 79. Patients taking high doses of short-acting calcium channel blockers had a 60% higher risk of heart attack compared to patients taking beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The risk, however, was small for patients on low doses of calcium channel blockers.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1995
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Surrogate End Points, Health Outcomes, and the Drug-Approval Process for the Treatment of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Article Abstract:
Surrogate end points are often used in clinical trials of drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. Ideally, patients in a clinical trial should be followed until they die from the disease. However, this would take so long and require so many patients that doctors began using surrogate end points. Surrogate end points are usually physiological measurements such as blood cholesterol levels. If a drug lowers blood cholesterol levels, doctors assume it will also lower mortality rates from heart disease. However, the withdrawal of the anti-obesity drug dexfenfluramine illustrates the dangers of doing short-term clinical trials that focus on surrogate end points.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1999
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