Hypervitaminosis D associated with drinking milk

Article Abstract:

Individuals who drink milk that is mislabeled and contains excess vitamin D may develop hypervitaminosis D. Hypervitaminosis D, or vitamin D intoxication, is a condition that can have serious health consequences, including slowing growth in infants. Eight individuals with hypervitaminosis D drank from one-half to three cups of milk produced by a local dairy every day. Each of these individuals had blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D that were higher than normal, and six had blood levels of vitamin D3 that were higher than normal. Seven patients had abnormally high blood levels of calcium. One patient excreted abnormally high levels of calcium, but had normal blood levels of calcium. The milk container label stated that the milk contained vitamin D2. Analysis of the vitamin D concentrate used to fortify the milk produced by the local dairy found that it contained vitamin D3 rather than vitamin D2. The analysis also found that the vitamin D3 concentration varied from undetectable to many times higher than the amount of vitamin D stated on the label.

Causes of, Hypervitaminosis, Vitamin toxicity

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The vitamin D content of fortified milk and infant formula

Article Abstract:

Fortified milk and infant formula often do not contain the amount of vitamin D that is printed on the product label. Of 42 samples of 13 brands of fortified milk produced in the eastern US, only 12 samples (29%) contained within 80- to 120% of the amount of vitamin D listed on the label. Twenty-six samples (62%) contained less than 80%, and four samples contained more than 120% of the stated amount of vitamin D. Of 14 samples of skim milk, three contained no vitamin D. None of the 10 samples of five brands of infant formula contained between 80% and 120% of the amount of vitamin D printed on the formula label. Seven of the samples of infant formula contained more than 200% of the stated amount of vitamin D, but none contained less than the stated amount. Children who do not receive adequate amounts of vitamin D in their diet may develop rickets, but individuals who consume too much vitamin D may develop vitamin D intoxication. The addition of vitamin D to milk should be closely monitored to insure that over- or under-fortification does not occur.

Infant formulas

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Vitamin D deficiency

Article Abstract:

A discussion on the nature of vitamin D deficiency and its effect on skeletal and nonskeletal health is presented together with strategies for the prevention and treatment of the deficiency.

Care and treatment, Prevention, Risk factors, Muscles, Vitamin D deficiency, Skeletal muscle

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