Laboratory measurement of sodium and potassium

Article Abstract:

In the body, sodium and potassium ae dissolved in the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extra-cellular fluid (ECF), and laboratory measurement of sodium and potassium concentration in blood plasma is a most frequently requested chemical test. There are precautions need when sampling blood for such a test as errors made during collection, storage or transit can affect the accuracy of results. Abnormalities in serum sodium and potassium concentrations include hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia.

Measurement, Practice, Electrolytes, Diagnosis, Laboratory, Laboratory diagnosis

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Principles and practice of blood gas measurement

Article Abstract:

Recent research has considered how the results of blood gas analysis can identify acid base abnormalities and problems relating to gas exchange. Blood gas analysis is undertaken on a dedicated blood gas analyser using arterial blood. It is possible to measure the partial pressure of oxygen, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the pH. These measurements will give indications relating to conditions including respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis.

Analysis, Blood gases, Blood gas analysis

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Microbiological examination of urine in urinary tract infection

Article Abstract:

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are more common in women, although the occurrence in men aged over 50 is increasing with the development of prostate disease and urinary calculi. In order to diagnose a UTI, the sample should be taken before antibiotics have been started, as numbers of bacteria will diminish rapidly once therapy has begun. Details of laboratory testing are given, along with advice on collection of a clean catch mid-stream urine sample.

Testing, Urinary tract infections

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