Medical examination for health of all athletes replacing the need for gender verification in international sports: the International Amateur Athletic Federation plan

Article Abstract:

Women athletes competing in international events may no longer have to undergo sex chromatin genetic testing to confirm that they are female. In the past, athletes were suspected of being men competing illegally as women in international sports events to increase the chance of winning. During the 1960s, female athletes sometimes were required to undergo a physical inspection. The International Olympic Committee substituted chromatin testing for female athletes at the 1968 Olympic games. Cheek cells are analysed for active X chromosomes (female sex chromosomes). Chromatin testing can be unreliable, and does not take into consideration sex differentiation disorders in individuals who were raised as and consider themselves female. Complete chromosome analysis may be more reliable, but it still does not allow for sex differentiation disorders. In Nov 1990, the International Amateur Athletic Federation recommended that medical examinations to ensure the health of all athletes replace chromatin testing, especially since all athletes must provide a urine sample for drug testing while being observed by a sports official.

Laws, regulations and rules, International aspects, Sports, Athletes, Sex determination, Genetic, Sex determination (Genetics), International Amateur Athletic Federation

---

Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents

Article Abstract:

Established diagnostic criteria and treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents are most likely appropriate and effective. Researchers reviewed medical literature from 1975 to 1997, and found that criteria used in the diagnosis of ADHD reliably identify affected patients and predict those likely to respond to treatment. Current estimates suggest that 3-6% of school-aged children have ADHD, and approximately 3% of students are treated with medication. Overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of ADHD is not significant.

Care and treatment, Evaluation, Product/Service Evaluation, Reports, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Ritalin (Medication), Methylphenidate, American Medical Association. Council on Scientific Affairs, Methylphenidate hydrochloride

---

Gender Verification in the Olympics

Article Abstract:

The International Olympic Committee has abolished gender verification, beginning with the 2000 Summer Games in Sydney, Australia. Gender verification tests were used to prevent male impostors from participating in female competitions.

Medical examination, Social policy, Olympic athletes, International Olympic Committee, Gender identity

Similar abstracts:

• Abstracts: Dental identification in serial homicides: the Green River murders. Antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry: a review and practice recommendations
• Abstracts: Magnesium sulfate attenuates peroxide-induced vasoconstriction in the human placenta. The effects of placental extracts from normotensive and preeclamptic women on vasoconstriction and oxidative metabolism
• Abstracts: A twin study of the effects of the Vietnam war on posttraumatic stress disorder. Improving Residents' Compliance With Standards of Ambulatory Care: Results From the VA Cooperative Study on Computerized Reminders
• Abstracts: Adult basic life support. The Shocking Truth About Automated External Defibrillators. Is It Time for Over-the-Counter Defibrillators?
• Abstracts: Forklift safety: power up your training program. Powered industrial trucks: they're not for everyone. Forklift safety: getting back to basics

This website is not affiliated with document authors or copyright owners. This page is provided for informational purposes only. Unintentional errors are possible.