Prenatal alcohol exposure alters GAB[A.sub.A][[alpha].sub.5] expression: A mechanism of alcohol-induced learning dysfunction

Article Abstract:

The alcohol's effect on [gamma]- aminobutyric-acid type A [[alpha].sub.5] (GAB[A.sub.A][[alpha].sub.5]) is evaluated in order to understand alcohol-induced learning dysfunction. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters developmental GAB[A.sub.A][[alpha].sub.5] expression, suggesting that alcohol-induced learning impairment is likely the result of alterations of both N-Methyl-D-A-Asparate and GABA expression and function.

Health aspects, Evaluation, Genetic aspects, Gene expression, Learning disabilities, Learning disorders, Alcohols

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Effect of epidural anaesthesia on clinician-applied force during vaginal delivery

Article Abstract:

Evaluating this concept in a prospective manner by using a force-sensing system that quantitatively assesses clinical-applied force applied to multiparous patients during delivery. In this study population, epidural anaesthesia is associated with increased clinician force used to effect delivery, but this force is not associated with an increase in perineal trauma.

Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical preparations, Anesthetic Preparations, Analysis, Usage, Clinical trials, Anesthetics, Birth injuries

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