New science aimed at an ancient killer

Article Abstract:

A resurgence of tuberculosis in the U.S. has resulted from detrimental socioeconomic and health conditions. The National Institutes of Health reports that the number of TB cases increased by nearly 10% from 1985 to 1994, reaching 24,361 active cases. Factors contributing to this large increase include HIV/AIDS, homelessness, poverty, intravenous drug use, and immigration from countries where TB is prevalent. One-third of the world's people is infected with TB. Drug-resistant strains of TB have emerged, making the disease even more difficult to treat. The only vaccine available, bacille Calmette-Guerin, is used in developing countries to treat infants, but a dependable vaccine is needed for adults. Research scientists are beginning to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the molecular level, which is expected to aid in the development of antibiotics and vaccines against the bacterium.

Management, Diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Medical laboratories, Biomedical laboratories

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HIV/AIDS in 1998-Gaining the Upper Hand?

Article Abstract:

Significant advances in HIV drug therapy have altered the prognosis for late-stage HIV infection and allowed sustained viral suppression in many patients, but substantial challenges remain. Combination antiretroviral drug therapy can reduce the HIV load in the blood to undetectable levels, but the virus remains latent in infected CD4+ T-cells and other reservoirs, precluding complete eradication. The development of an effective vaccine is critical to winning the war against HIV, particularly for use in the developing world where 90% of new HIV infections occur.

Editorial, Physiological aspects, Prognosis, HIV infection, HIV infections, Antiviral agents

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The AIDS Research Model: Implications for Other Infectious Diseases of Global Health Importance

Article Abstract:

The response to AIDS can be used as a model for other communicable diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis C, West Nile fever, dengue, respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, and measles. These diseases can only be controlled through a multifaceted response that includes surveillance, public education, sanitation, control of insect vectors, nutritional supplementation, effective treatments, and vaccines.

Models, Communicable diseases

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