Obstetrics and gynecology

Article Abstract:

Much obstetric research is focused on reducing the number of premature births, which are the leading cause of infant death. Studies have shown that pregnant women who have blood fibronectin levels above 50 or 60 nanograms per milliliter were more likely to deliver prematurely. Fibronectin is a protein present in fetal tissues that can be measured in cervical secretions. Of all the techniques used to treat infertility, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) appears to be the most promising, especially if the man is infertile. In this technique, a single sperm is injected into the egg, which is then transferred to the woman's uterus. However, these procedures are very expensive and may present ethical dilemmas. Several tests have been designed to determine the type of human papillomavirus a woman with an abnormal Pap smear is infected with. This is important because some types are relatively benign, while others can predispose to cervical cancer.

Innovations, Measurement, Physiological aspects, Papillomaviruses, Papillomavirus, Identification and classification, Fibronectins, Premature birth, Human reproductive technology, Infertility, Male, Male infertility

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Obstetrics and gynecology

Article Abstract:

The increase in AIDS among heterosexuals is partly due to IV drug use. Thirty-two percent of AIDS cases up to June, 1991 have been linked to drug use. Zidovudine treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women is suggested from labor to delivery and for their newborns can reduce the incidence of HIV-infected babies. Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery has more than tripled between 1985 and 1992 from 6.6% to 25.4%. Ninety-four percent of 120 patients with small ectopic pregnancy were effectively treated with intramuscular methotrexate sodium, with no side effects. Hormone replacement therapy after menopause using progesterone and estrogen can reduce heart disease and osteoporosis. There may be a chance of breast cancer; however, one long-term study found no increase in breast cancer from using hormone replacement therapy.

Research, Usage, Causes of, Statistics, Hormone therapy, Pregnancy, Ectopic, Ectopic pregnancy, AIDS (Disease), Cesarean section, Gynecology

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Evaluation of a Regional Pilot Program to Prevent Mother-Infant HIV Transmission--Thailand, 1998-2000

Article Abstract:

An evaluation of a two-year pilot program in a rural area of north-eastern Thailand to provide zidovudine to HIV-infected pregnant women is presented. Zidovudine can reduce the woman's risk of transmitting the virus to her baby.

Maternal-fetal exchange, Prevention, HIV (Viruses), HIV, Disease transmission

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